Fiscal positions of OECD countries in the late 1980s, the late 1990s and the middle 2000s were fairly improved due to excess revenue caused by temporary increases in corporate tax, income tax, capital gains taxes, and house prices. However, short term fiscal gains owing to economic upturn have been always soon vanished either through the government expenditure increase or tax reduction by political pressures. As a result, the Budget Agency had to make wrong decision to adopt restrictive fiscal policy pro-cyclically in economic recession which eventually face long term pains.

Various alternatives have been suggested. First, fiscal rules relating to expenditure and cyclically adjusted balance was established, and Rainy Day Funds, preventing future deficit shock by setting aside surplus generated by booming revenue and falling expenditure, was used as the third option besides expenditure cut or tax increase. Second, information system was reformed, considering not only the current financial positions but also long term budget outlook including public pension liabilities, national debt and aging society problems. Finally, it suggested inspiring the government with accountability in public finance by controlling government's optimistic economic outlook. Moreover, necessity of establishing an independent institution to make citizens think about long term fiscal goals is recognized.

In short, important implications we have from these cases is that budget surplus from revenue buoyancy should be used in order to reduce structural deficits meaning national debt and public pension liabilities or to execute long term fiscal tasks originated from aging society.